FRUITS | Types

Leaf Morphology: Margins

the edge of a leaf blade

Revolute	rolled under, but only at the margin
Entire	smooth
Repand	slightly and irregularly wavy
Sinuate	shallowly indented, wavy in a horizontal plane
Undulate	wavy in a vertical plane, also called crisped
Crenate	with rounded or blunt teeth
Crenulate	small crenations, or small teeth on rounded protrusions
Serrate	sharp teeth pointing towards the apex of the blade
Serrulate	small serrations
Doubly Serrate	larger serrations are again serrated on their margins
Dentate	sharp teeth pointing outward
Denticulate	small dentations
Aculeate	spiny margined with the teeth long and prickly

Hold cursor over photos to view species name and info

Revolute

rolled under, but only at the margin

Entire

smooth

Repand

slightly and irregularly wavy

Sinuate

shallowly indented, wavy in a horizontal plane

Undulate

wavy in a vertical plane, also called crisped

Crenate

with rounded or blunt teeth

Crenulate

small crenations, or small teeth on rounded protrusions

Serrate

sharp teeth pointing towards the apex of the blade

Serrulate

small serrations

Doubly Serrate

larger serrations are again serrated on their margins

Dentate

sharp teeth pointing outward

Denticulate

small dentations

Aculeate

spiny margined with the teeth long and prickly

All definitions are from J. W. Hardin, D. J. Leopold, and F. M. White. (2001). Harlow & Harrar's Textbook of Dendrology. Ninth edition. McGraw Hill, New York, New York, 534 pp. ISBN: 0073661716.